Top feeding means feeding of milks other than the breast milk in early infancy, should be strictly discouraged. However, it may be necessary in rare instances of true lactation failure, maternal death/serious sickness, or any absolute/relative contraindication for Breast feeding. Top feeding may be loosely classified as exclusive top-feeding, or supplementary top-feeding along with Breast [...]
Continue reading …Lactation failure – Breast milk (EM) is the only food that a baby needs unto first 4-6 months of life and gives the best possible nutritional start to the neonate. Exclusive breastfeeding (BF) means that the neonate gets only breast milk and nothing else like honey, water, juices, vitamins (unless medically indicated) or any other [...]
Continue reading …Common Breast feeding problems may be broadly divided into three categories I) breast and nipple problems, II) partial or complete lactation failure, and III) Breast feeding problems in special situations like sick mother, sick baby or working mother. I) Breast feeding problems & nipple problems are very common and often used as an excuse to [...]
Continue reading …Although Breast feeding (BF) is a norm in India, many problems during lactation may be avoided by following correct breastfeeding practices, discussed below — Antenatal preparation is one of the good breastfeeding practices with Breast examination to check protractility of nipples, maternal counseling regarding importance and correct practices of Breast feeding, and identification of ‘at-risk’ mothers [...]
Continue reading …Physiology of lactation – Anatomically, the breast is made up of glandular tissue, supporting tissue and fat. There are 20-25 alveoli in each breast, each lined by epithelial cells and surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Milk is secreted in alveoli by epithelial cells and pushed forward by contraction of myoepithelial cells. Each alveoli drains its output [...]
Continue reading …BM is species-spec jfic i.e. quantitatively and qualitatively most appropriate for human baby. Apart from nutritional superiority, Advantages of breast feeding are many for the baby, mother, family and even to the community, Nutritional superiority in advantages of breast feeding BM is easily digestible and contains all essential nutrients in the right quantity and quality, [...]
Continue reading …Essential Nutrients are the active principles in diet, each with various functions and metabolic patterns. Essential Nutrients may be classified as — a) Macro nutrients or proximate principles like proteins, fats and carbohydrates. b) Micro-nutrients like Vitamins and minerals. Proteins, which constitute —20% of body weight, are important source of energy, as well as required [...]
Continue reading …Nutritional Requirements is a dynamic process to supply adequate nourishment for survival, growth & development, repair and creation of future reserves. Weight-wise, nutritional requirements of children are relatively higher than in adults due to active growth, building of stores, higher basal metabolic rate and more pronounced physical activity. BASIC CONSIDERATIONS Diet is the main source [...]
Continue reading …Child Guidance Clinic (CGC) is a specialized health service, based on an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to deal with the behavioral problems of children and adolescents, who are not fully adjusted to their environment. The first child guidance clinic was started in Chicago in 1909. The team: Child guidance is a team-work comprising of psychiatrist, [...]
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in children, characterized by three core-groups of age-inappropriate symptoms hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattentiveness; leading to secondary problems like poor scholastic performance, conduct disorders, emotional and social maladjustment etc. While some children have all three components of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, others manifest with abnormality in [...]
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